Writing-machine.



P. DE GARSALADE DU FONT. WRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 19, 1909.

1,056,321 Patented Mar. 18, 1913.

4 SHBBTSSHEET l.

P1 P I P3 P?! I 1 I I 45 yew/A4 Kw/@234 @ZQ'L'WL a f 1?. DE GARSALADE DU PONT. WRITING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED JULY 19, 1909.

' 1,056,321. Patented Mar.18,1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

P. DE GARSALADE DU PONT.

} WRITING MACH APPLICATION FILED JUL 1909.

v1,05 ,321, I Patented Mar. 18, 1913.

P. DE GARSALADE DU FONT. WRITING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED JULY 19, 1909.

C A A Patented Mar. 18, 1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

A5 A2 A1. B P1 P2 Pl;

ters.

NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PAUL DE CARSALADE DU PdNT, OF PARIS, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR OF QNE-HALF TO GABRIEL ESCARRAS, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

WRITING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed luly 19, 1909. Serial r10. 508,511.

, To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PAUL on CARSALADE DU PONT, a citizen of the French Republic, and resident of Paris, France, have invented certain .new and useful Improvements in WVriting-ltlachines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to typewriting machines, the construction of which is improved so that the speed of writing is greatly increased. lVith this object in view the letters of at least one syllable are printed at the same time and at the end of each word the carriage is simultaneously advanced for the required space to separate-two consecutive words.

In the accompanying drawings the parts of the improved type-writer are shown which serve to explain the syllable-writingmachine.

Figure 1 represents the key-board. Fig. 2 is a ground plan representing the mechanism for driving the carriage. Fig. 3 illustrates a constructional detail of Fig. 2. Figs. l and 5 represent, on a larger scale, another constructional detail. Figs. (3 to 10 illustrate the arrangement of the finger keys.

.Fig. ll is a diagrammatical view of the front part of the keyboard mechanisms Figs. 12 and 13 show modifications of the construction illustrated in F ig. 11. Fig. 14 shows on a larger scale the lower end of the slide bars.

Every syllable can be considered as being composed of one vowel preceded and followed by a certain number of varying let- The arrangement of these letters is governed for every language by certain rules so that certain letters always assume the same position with regard to the vowel which serves as base for the syllable. If, therefore, all the syllables of a given language. of the French language for example, be decomposed, the different. letters of the alphabet can be combined in a certain number of groups so that for any syllable whatsoever the vowel which forms the base of the syllable belongs to one group, say B, the consonant which immediately precedes the vowel belongs to a group A the letter which precedes this consonant belonging to a group A and so on. while the letter which immediately follows the vowel forming the base of the syllable belongs to a group 1, the next following letter \to a group P and so on.

Serious studies have shown that'fthere are eight groups to be combined for any of the current languages, viz :-a group B for the vowels forming. the base of the syllable, three groups A A A for the letters which precede the vowel and four groups P P P P for the letters which follow upon said vowel. If, therefore, the -finger-keys of the key-board are arranged so that they form different groups of letters in the following succession :A A A B, P P P, P this ltey board will permit to write any syllable of any language, respectively of the language for which the machine has been constructed, in simultaneously printing all the letters which compose the said syllable. If, for example, the word chlor has to be typed, the keys 0 of group A h of group A", l of group A 0 of group I) and r of group 1 are simultaneously depressed.

Fig. 1 represents a key-board to beused with this syllable-writing-machine. As can be seen from the drawing, the end groups A and P comprise very few letters only, grou A comprising a composite letter Sc destined for use with the German language only. Groups A and P comprise each a dozen letters and the three middle groups A 13 and P about twenty letters each. There can evidently be comprised vowels in every group, as for example the vowel U of group A is necessary for writing the French word que, quand. and others in which the base-vowels are e and a respectively which are the sounding or prmiounced vowels. The same remark refers to the P groups. To type, for example the French'word raient in which a is the base-vowel', there has to be an i in group P and an e in group P There can further be repeated several times one and the same letter in one and the same group as for example C in group A this letter innnediately preceding a greatnumber of the letters which are contained in group A so that two letters Cc had to be included in group A for facilitating the manipulation, so thgttTthe typist can use in every case the key which is the most convenient for being depressed simultaneously with thecorres mnding letter of group A.

Patented Mar. 18, 1913. i.

are to he depressed h l and the keys me right hand in normal order 1 ii. and It P", P so are free; the little rand serves to manipuv 1 for the spacing of the tier of the left hand he- 'ig one of the five keys pes of the corresponding eapitt s. 'ihe group B the six base vowels, the

for punctuation. Finarrangcd at the side 2 perinits to simultane- "pes of the. machine. the. improved type writlerers have to be ar 1 in tead of one common printl ht p 'inting points he points corie her-hoard. 4 or watch group can be i depressed to siinultanco uslr at ic of say eight letters. ri ans have to he provided in unison with 3U operated from .h revolves for each lingenkey )1 a quantity which corresponds movement of the carriage for one l/i ith this object in View shaft t has lte'ved upon itself which has. two crowns teeth 5 and t3 and which is con- ,jif, nected-wi h a c linder T of double action which mounted on a shaft 8 and is connect thereto loy a spiral spring (not shown in the drawings) which in the well known I'Dll'llllil' drives the independent driving 45 wheels 3) and 10 the former o't'which is "fast on the drum while the latter fast on the shaft 8 thereof. Such a device is known for other purposes and the device is characten izod by thotwo independent driving; whee s so 9 and 10. Wheel U connccltal with crown 5 by 111:, of a double wheel, which is shown in Fig. 3 in tront now. 'lhis double cell is on '1 upon a which is composed of sir: escape wheels in front of which a slide-rod 19 is mounted which is under the influence of aspiring :26 and carries a lug 21 adapted to engage with any of the six escape wheels lSplout normally being 111 engagement with the first for a distance equal to the thickness of onewheel 18 gearing thus with the second wheel and releasing the first one. As will be explained hereinafter, axle 17 is thus mon1en tarily liberated so that driving-wheel 9 can pull along axle 4: for a distance which corresponds to the space between two letters. Under the depression of a finger-key of group A lug 21. moves for twice the distance so that the two first escape wheels hecome free, axle 4 being consequently turned for a quantity corresponding to two spaces and so on with regard to groups A and A The escape mechanism is so constructed that i all. 17 is being revolved innnediately at or depression of one of the fino'er-keys ot cups B, A A" so that the correix revolution of shat t 4 and result *l'rom the advancing of the carriage l before the letters are printed.

The drivingwheel 10 is connected with toothed crown 0 by av similar mechanism as described with reference to the connection between crown 5 and driving-wheel 9 with that difference however that to lacilitale the construction the toothed wheel 2:2 which carries the pawl does not mesh directly with driving-wheel 10 but is connected with the same by means of an intermediate gearing 223 which drags along shaft 24:, said shaft corresponding to axle and operating" the axle 25 ot the escapci'nent by means 01" pinion 33. Upon said axle 25 six escape wheels 96 are mounted whicl are similar to the wheels 18, being stopped by lug 2? of slide-rod 28 which connected with the finger-keys oi groups l, P l, l in such a manner that if, for example; one of the keys of group i be depressed, lug 27 will more back for a distance equal to double the thickness of a wheel 26, releasing thus two of said escape wheels so that driving wheel 10 can drag" shaft lalong for a part of revolution corresponding to two spaces.

As shown in Fig. 2 the lugs 21 and 27 are nm'mally in engagement with the inner cscape-wheels of their grmipsf Shaft 25S therefore is not revolved when lug 27 is being shifted but when it returns to its normal posit-ion. lleret'rom follows that the revolution of shall 4- tor the printing of one syllable is com wsed of two separate parts, the advance of the carriage being also made intwo parts. The carriage first moves forward for as many spaces as there are finger-keys of the groups A A A and B being depressed, said motion being executed before the printing of the corresponding letters is being effected. Hereafter all the letters of the syllable are printed at the same time and the carriage advances for the corresponding number of spaces of the syllable only when the finger-keys of the groups P P P P return to their original position.

If the syllable printed terminates the word, the carriage must advance for a supplementary space to separate the two consecutive words, which is accomplished by the depression of the space-key 1 effected with the little finger 'of the right hand and at the same time as the other fingers operate the keys for writing the syllable. Space key 1 isconnected by a suitable leverQsystem with a notch 29 of shaft 25 so that the depression of finger-key 1 effects the displacement of shaft 25 in the direction of the arrow for a distance which'corresponds to the thickness of an escape-wheel 26, shaft 4 being revolved for a corresponding distance. Pinion 58 of shaft 25 is-long enough to always remain in gear with axle 24. Shaft 17 carries a similar notch 30 which is coupled with the double-key So of group A so that if this key be depressed the carriage moves for a supplementary space.

Figs. 1 and represent the constructional details of the escape-wheels 18 and 26 which are identical. The inner wheel 18 is keyed upon shaft 17, the other five wheels being free to revolve around said shaft. Each of the wheels has a certain number of teeth 31, six in the example shown, saidnumber depending only on the ratio of successive transmissions between said wheels and shaft 4 so that for each space motion'of the carriage shaft 17 has to be turned through a part of a revolution which corresponds to the space between two consecutiveteeth 31. Each of the loose wheels 18 has a curved slot 32 the len th of which corresponds to the distance between two teeth 31, the first five wheels having a stud which penetrates into the guide slot 32 of the adjacent wheel. The outer end .wheel 18, (the left hand end wheel in Fig. 5) is connected with shaft 17 by means of a spiral spring 3%, one end of which is fixed upon shaft 17, its other end being fixed to said wheel. Under the action ofthis spring the loose wheels 18 are turned so that each wheel stops the following one by means of its stud 33, all the e cape-wheels being immobilized by lug 21. if however said lug 21 be displaced toward the left for a distance equal to the thickness of one wheel 18, the second wheel will be stopped by said lug together with the remaining four,

the inner z-nd wheel being released so that. it

will revolve under the influence of the spring of drum 7 until its stud 33 abuts against the other end of guide slot 32 of the adjacent wheel. The same motion will take place if lug 21 moves farther toward the left so that shaft 17 will be revolved for as many times the part of a revolution which corresponds to the length of slot 32 or to the distance between the teeth 31 of wheels 18 as lug 21 has been shifted to the left. Slide rod 19 will be pulled back by spring 20 as soon as it is released, each wheel 18 returning to its original position under the influenceof spiral spring 34 as soon as lug 21 has stoppedthe wheel behind.

The operation of the escape-mechanism of groups P is reverse for the reason that normally lug 27 stops the escape-wheel 26 which is acted upon directly by spiral spring 34, so that, if the lug is being shifted through the depression of the finger-keys, the loose wheels being successively liberated revolve under the action of spring 3 1, without however influencing shaft 27 which will be released only when lug 27 has returned to its normal position, so that at this moment said shaft will revolve for as many parts of a revolution as wheels 26 have been released by the displacement of hi 27.

1 Figs. 6 to 10 represent t e arrangement of the finger-keys of one group. Fig. 6 shows the key-board of one group in ground plan; Fig. 9- is a cross section of Fig. 6 and Figs. 7 and S are section on lines A- B and C-D of Fig. 9. As shown in Fig. 10 each key is fixed upon a vertical rod 36 to which is fixed at about the middle a perpendicular arm 37 which carries at its other end a rod 38 which is parallel with rod 36 but considerably longer than this rod. All the rods 36 are guided in' guidepl'ates 39 and 40, spiral springs 41 being inserted between plate 40 and the arms 37 destined to maintain the keys in raised position. The rods 38 which are all in alineinent. project througl'i holes of plates 10 which run parallel with the long sides of guide plates 39, 40. A shaft 4-2 is arranged below guide-plate 40 having as many radial arms 43 as there are keys 35 in the group, each of said parallel arms 43 being below its corresponding rod I38. Rods 38 being in' alinement bear upon the arms 4?) at equal distances from shaft 42 whereby in combination with the suitably calculated force of the springs 41 identical resistance is obtained for all keys 35, although the distances bet ween shaft 42 and the several keys 35 differ considerably. At

one end of'shaft 42 a crank arm 44 is fixed which is maintained in lifted position by means of a spiral spring 45 and bears upon the upper end 46 of a vertical slide bar 47 \Tllitll is maintained in lifted position by means of spring 48. It is obvious that whichever be the key 35 of the group which has been depressed the slide her l?" of the group Will be depressed to]? a determined distance and that as soon as the pressure upon the key ceases, said key will return to its original positionrspring 4L5 returniiiig shi it 1-2 and spring 48 the slide-bar t? to the original position.

l ig. 11 shows how the eight slidehars e4 i the eight groups of letters act upon the slide-rods l9 and 28 for eli ect ing the required escupenient of shafts 1? and 25. The means for accomplishing this result include four roller-disks s9 for each slide rod. one for each slide-liar i? so that. the lower end of each slide-bar is in contact with one roller that atthe descent of one of the slide-bars -17 the corresponding roller-disk llland consequently its slide-rod will be shifted tor distance equal to the thickness oi one of the escape-Wheels 18 or 26 for the groups B and 1, equal to the thickness of two ot the cape-wheels for the groups il and l? of three escape wheels for the groups and P and of four escape-Wheels for the groups A and If, for example, a syllable composed of six letters has to be typed Whose hasevowel occupies the third place, one key of each of the following groups Zi"l A l) P will have to be depressed.

i e a ne depression of the key of group EU- will produce the shifting of slide-rod 19 toward the left for a distance correspoi'nling to three escape Wheels 18; shaft 17 therefore will revolve and more the carriage for three spaces; the

depression of the kev of group I, 001113 spending to the last letter of the syllable. Wlll have the same effect with regard to slide-rod 28 ivhich will be displaced to the right for distance equal to three escapeu'heels 526. The depression of the keys of groups il B, l, i has no upon slide-mils l9, l'fi now the keys are released. slideu'ode returning to its normal position under the iz'iliucnce o'l spring 51, no rairriage will more lor three further spaces so that in all it will have moved for six spaces, the letters having hccn printed simultaneously.

tel erring to Fig. l 1 it will he on in What manner the keys l and f lc are connected with shafts 25 and l? for the purpose to oilect the supplementary motion of carriage lie f r tl elength of one spac each time one of said. 'lreys being depressed. said already. said keys are coupled with shafts l7 and 25 respecthxelv o v mans ol? the connecting-rods 52 and 55 and the lovers I; ll 55, bhidesprin y lain shafts 17 and 23 in their normal posil ions. The movement (11' the lm' t i?) is nlculated so that the dcpi ii cys l {1115 Sc ii'iing ol shat l? and I l l ctlecls the 91 As has been all. 57 serving to maine length of one escape-Wheel, pin- 7 58 remaining in gear with the ,v g inding spur-wheels Figs. 12 and represent a i'noditied construction of the lower parts of slidelaars l? with a, View oi. permitting the use of the syliable-writing-niachine for the type-Writin? letter h letter as usual. lhis device is indispensahle'itor typists who Want to learn how to use-the syllahlenriting-machine to Familiarize the same With the arrangement of the key-hoard. lln practising upon the narehine the typist has of course to observe the instructions according to which he has to choose the several letters in the group which corresponds to the position of the letter in the syllable; if. for example the Word ll l has to be written, the letter l of group B andthe letter N of group P have to be depressed, or to write the syllable 'lri the corresponding letters of groups i A and ll have to be depressed.

l1" with the type-writing machine as here inhet'ore described letter by letter Wrih. ten. said letters will be well printed out they are spaced irregularly, the depression of a key elt'ecting the movement of the carriage for a Variable number of spaces acci'irding to the group to which the key belongs; if, for'exainple first-:1 key of ,e'roup A and. then a, key of group A be depressed, the letters printed will be separated by the four spaces for Which the farriage has been shift ed owing; to the depression of the key of group Et To amend this the lower part of the slide bars are inodilied as shown in his. 12.

l'lelerringto Fig.5. 12 it will be seen that only the two end slide bars 4-? act upon the slide rods 19 and 28 which further are not under the influence of the springs 2t 51, The slide bars 4-?" are prolongs their lower ends and have inclines adapted to ac upon two auxiiiarv'transveslide rods l and 59 provided with catch-pins 30 1? which. are sho *n in let on a larg r scale. Said witch-pins 60 tan Freely move in horizontal direction in guide-piece 61 lined upon the slide-rods '11, a9, the extension 62 of the slide bars 4-7 which bears against said uideiiieces (32' has a notch G3 at the side which is in contact with Said r nhlopiece and adapted to he placed opposite the end of the catch-pin 60 if the corresponding; slide-her he depressed, so.- that the catch-pin pressed into the notch under the action oli a er '1;: El and reh'" the slide-bar which thus is prevented going up again. To release the slitc-l tron: catch-ph ill) the (a rresponding s rod, 59 for example. has to he laterally dis-- placed. withdrawing at. the no time the eai lrpius from their notches s tho the are Free to hollow the ZHlluJl oi lhr-iz' 'n'iug;';-; in this manner slide bars can be successively locked;.the unlocking of said slide-bars is effected by means of inclines 65 situated at the right hand side of the extensions 62 of the slidebars for the groups A A A and B and respectively by an incline ,66 arranged at the left hand side of the slide-bar for group B. Said inclines act upon rollers 67 of slide rod 74 and upon rollers 68 of slide rod 59.

To typewrite a syllable of say eight letters letter by letter, the first letter is typed by pressing on the corresponding ire of group A the descent of slide bar 4 of this group has for efi'ect to shift the carriage for four spaces; this slide bar being locked by the first catch-pin of slide rod 59 therefore will remain in its lowest position, so that the slide rod 18 is maintained in its extreme position shifted to the left, and will not be influenced in any manner by the slide bars of groups A A and B, so that the carriage does not shift. By pressing upon the slide-bar 47 of group B the incline 66 of this slide; bar will be brought in contact with the roller 68 of slide rod 59 and push the same t'o't-he left whereby simultaneously all the slide-bars of groups A A A are released. The slide bar of group B has no notch 63 and can never be locked. If a key of group P be pressed slide rod 28 will be shifted to the right for one space and its slide bar will be locked by the extreme left hand side catch pin 60 of slide rod 58. The depression of any key of groups P P P effects the shifting of slide rod 28' to the right for one space every time so that, finally, slide rod 28 will have moved toward the right for four spaces and that the four slide bars 47 of the groups P P P P are locked. The carriage has not moved. As soon however as again one of the keys of the groups A A A and B be pressed to type the first letter of the following syl-' lable, the incline 65 of the corresponding slide bar 47 in acting upon the corresponding roller 67 of slide; rod 7 will shift said slide rod to the right, against the action of spring 70 and disengages simultaneously the four riage will shift for four spaces, as slide bar 47 of group P* has been operated and it will besides advance for three further spaces if, for example, a key of group A has been pressed.

- If the syllable typed terminates a word, the space-bar 1 has to be operated to advance the carriage for one space as hereinbefore explained, and further to unlock the four slide bars of'the groups P P P P by means of rod 71 which acts upon slide rod 72 acting upon the roller 73 of slide rod 7- I claim The mechanism for dividing the movement of the paper cylinder into two parts, comprising in combinationa spring barrel, two toothed wheels fixed to said spring barrel and having the teeth directed in opposite directions, means for directlydriving the paper carriage from one of said toothed wheels. a means of driving the paper cylinder bythe other toothed wheels, two escape.

ment mechanisms connected the one with the one of the toothed wheels of the spring barrel, and the other with the other toothed wheel of the spring barrel, tooth, like rods,

a, to on each sliding rod engaging with the teeth of one escapement wheel, four slidlng bars operated by the keys of the group which comprises the base vowels and by the three preceding groups of characters, inclined faces of said sliding bars corresponding in length with the distance of one, two, three, or four spaces, and four sliding bars operated by the keys of the four right hand groups of characters, and inclined faces similar to those of the preceding sliding bars, substantially as described'and shown and for the purpose set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two witnesses.

PAUL DE CARSALADE DU PONT.

l/Vitnesses FERDINAND NURD, RUnoLr GREY. 

